Political Theories

Political theory is a means by which to understand political science , in which there are explanations of political science and its relation to the political bagianilmu lainnya.Menurut Thomas P. Jenkin in The Study of Political Theory , Political theory distinguished into two kinds , namely :

1 . Valuational , which are theories that contain moral values ​​and political norms , which in this theory that everything has to consider both

 or bad consequences. Which includes valuational theory is a political philosophy , politics and political ideology systematically .

2 . Non - Valuational , are theories that discuss political facts tanpamempersoalkan moral values ​​and norms . This theory gives an overview and comparison of political phenomena in the life nyata.Di in political theory there is a concept of political goal setting , how to achieve that goal with all its consequences . Political theories of moral mempunyaidasar has a primary function as a guide in regulating the relationship - hubunganantara community members to run stable and dinamin.Ada three groups were included in valuational theory , which are:

1 . Political Philosophy , explains the relationship between the nature of the universe by sifatdari political life , which in resolving political problems using centered view of nature . According to the Greek philosopher , Plato , justice merupakanhakekat of the universe which is also a good guideline to reach kehidupanyang aspired by it .

2 . Politics Systematically , this theory realization of political philosophy , applying norm - normadalam political activities .

3 . Ideology Political Ideology is a belief or idea that comes to one's mind is based on logical thinking (reasonable ) which then makes ideini as a guide in life in accordance with the objectives thinker. So political ideology is a guideline or how to act in exercise of powers under awal.Di In accordance with this goal there are several kinds of world political ideologies , among others :

1 . Liberalism , an ideology which gives individuals freedom without limitation atauhalangan of government . The emergence of this ideology due to strict regulations that make authoritarian rule , with no thought to the people memberikankebebasan . One who adheres ideologiliberalisme is America .

2 . Socialism , the ideology is different from the individual mengutamakankepentingan liberalism , socialism is more put together . Dalamsosialisme every individual should strive to get decent service for happiness together , for example, equal employment opportunities , pembagianhasil evenly , the overall consumption of materials and so forth .


3 . Democracy , the power in the hands of the people . Government derived from the people , by the people and for the people . People make legal provisions for himself sendirimelalui legislature which then carried out by the government .

Charismatic Leadership Theory

Charismatic Leadership

Individuals such as John F. Kennedy , Winston Churchill , Warrant Buffet , and Sukarno has its own charm so that they are able to do something different to his followers . Leaders like this are usually referred to as a charismatic leader . Max Weber said that some leaders have the gift of exceptional quality wide or charisma that makes them able to motivate followers to achieve extraordinary performance .

In Indonesia , Sukarno figure being one example of charismatic leaders that are difficult to find again in the present . Sukarno ability to move , influence , and diplomacy has been to unite the various ethnic , religious , class into a single entity called the Republic of Indonesia . This article will not discuss specifics about Sukarno , but is more general outlines of the charismatic leader .

Definition of Charismatic Leaders

Charisma comes from the Greek meaning " grace " . Strength that can not be explained logically called charismatic force . Charisma is considered as a combination of charm and personal magnetism that contribute to the remarkable ability to get others to support the vision and also promote it with eager ( Truskie , 2002) .

Charismatic leader is a leader who embodies the atmosphere of motivation on the basis of commitment and emotional identity on the vision , philosophy , and style them within subordinates ( Ivancevich , et al , 2007:209 ) .

Charismatic leader is able to play an important role in creating change . Individuals who bear qualities hero has charisma . Most of the others looked charismatic leader is a hero .

House ( 1977 ) proposed a theory to explain the charismatic leadership in terms of a set of proposals that can be tested involves a process that can be observed . The theory about how leaders behave charismatic , traits , and skills , and the conditions in which they are most likely to appear . A limitation of the initial theory is ambiguity about the influence process . Shamir , et al (1993 ) have revised and expanded the theory by combining developments in thinking abru 're all about human motivation and more detailed picture of the influence of leaders on followers ( in Yukl , 2005:294 )